Alizarin

C₁₄H₈O₄

Alizarin comes originally from madder root.  It was used as dye in counties like Egypt and Asia in the early 1500's B.c. but it wasn't until the 1800's that someone found the proper mordant or mordant(s) to make the dye insoluble and last long. Alizarin was the 1st dye to be cloned synthetically, which produces the same color at a small fraction of the cost.